|
Nuclear Medicine Physicians are medical specialists that use tracers, usually radiopharmaceuticals, for diagnosis and therapy. Nuclear medicine procedures are the major clinical applications of molecular imaging and molecular therapy.〔Wagner Henry N. (2006), A Personal History of Nuclear Medicine. Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-972-2〕〔(National Atomic Museum )〕〔(Potchen EJ: Reflections on the early years of nuclear medicine. Radiology 2000; 214:623-624. ) PMID 10715020〕 In the United States, nuclear medicine physicians are certified by the American Board of Nuclear Medicine and the American Osteopathic Board of Nuclear Medicine. ==History== In 1896, Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity.〔Blaufox MD: Becquerel and the discovery of radioactivity: Early concepts. Semin Nucl Med 1996; 26:145-154. PMID 8829275〕 It was only a little over a quarter of a century (1925) until the first radioactive tracer study in animals was performed by George de Hevesy, and the next year (1926) the first diagnostic tracer study in humans was performed by Herman Blumgart and Otto Yens.〔(Patton DD: The birth of nuclear medicine instrumentation: Blumgart and Yens, 1925. J Nucl Med 2003; 44:1362. ) PMID 12902429〕 Some of the earliest applications of radioisotopes were therapy of hematologic malignancies and therapy of both benign and malignant thyroid disease. In the 1950s radioimmunoassay was developed by Solomon Berson and Rosalyn Yalow. Dr. Yalow was co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Dr. Berson had already died so was not eligible). Radioimmunoassay was used extensively in clinical medicine but more recently has been largely replaced by non-radioactive methods. In 1950, human imaging of both gamma and positron emitting radioisotopes was performed. Benedict Cassen's work with a directional probe lead to the development of the first imaging with a rectilinear scanner.〔Blahd WH: Ben Cassen and the development of the rectilinear scanner. Semin Nucl Med 1996; 26:165-170. PMID 8829277.〕 Gordon Brownell developed the first positron scanner.〔(A History of positron imaging )〕 In the same decade (1954) the Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM) was organized in Spokane, Washington (USA),〔Harris CC: The formation and evolution of the society of nuclear medicine. Semin Nucl Med 1996;26:180-190. PMID 8829279〕 and (1958) Hal Anger developed the gamma scintillation camera,〔Gottschalk A: The early years with Hal Anger. Semin Nucl Med 1996; 26:171-179. PMID 8829278〕 which could image a whole region at the same time. Initial introduction of radioisotopes into medicine required individuals to acquire of a considerable background information which was foreign to their medical training. Often a particular application drove the introduction of radioisotopes into a health care facility. As other applications developed the physician or group that had developed knowledge of and experience with radioisotopes usually provided the new service. Consequently, the radioisotope service found homes in several established specialties – commonly in radiology due to an interest in imaging, in pathology (clinical pathology) due to an interest in radioimmunoassay, and in endocrinology due to the early application of 131I to thyroid disease.〔Becker DV, Sawin CT: Radioiodine and thyroid disease: The beginning. Semin Nucl Med 1996; 26:155-164. PMID 8829276〕 Nuclear medicine became widespread and there was a need to develop a new specialty. In the United States, the American Board of Nuclear Medicine was formed in 1972.〔Ross JF: A history of the American Board of Nuclear Medicine. Semin Nucl Med. 1996 Jul;26(3):191-193. PMID 8829280.〕 At that time, the specialty include all of the uses of radioisotopes in medicine – radioimmunoassay, diagnostic imaging, and therapy. As use of and experience with radioisotopes became more widespread in medicine, radioimmunoassay generally transferred from nuclear medicine to clinical pathology. Today, nuclear medicine is based on the use of the tracer principle applied to diagnostic imaging and therapy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nuclear medicine physician」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|